William Murray (circa 1665 – 3rd February 1726) was a Scottish peer and Jacobite who fought in the Rising of 1715, after which he was attainted and condemned to death for treason, but in 1717 he was indemnified and released. In 1721, he was created Earl of Nairne in the Jacobite peerage. Born about 1665, the fourth son of John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl, by his marriage to Lady Amelia Sophia, a daughter of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, Murray was the younger brother of John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl. His grandmother, Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby (1599–1664), a daughter of Claude de La Trémoille, Duke of Thouars (1566–1604) was famous in her own right for her defence of Lathom House against Parliamentary forces during the First English Civil War in 1644.

In February 1680, William Murray married ten-year-old Margaret Nairne (born on 16th December 1669), the only daughter and heiress of Robert Nairne. In 1681 Nairne, an octogenarian who had no sons, was created by King Charles II Lord Nairne, in the peerage of Scotland, with a special remainder to his son-in-law. Thus, when Nairne died on 30th May 1683, Murray succeeded him in the peerage. He took his seat in the Parliament of Scotland on 22nd October 1690, but he never took the oath of allegiance to the new monarchs, William III and Mary II, who in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 had unseated the last Stuart king, James II.

Unlike his brother John, who had taken the side of William and Mary and was created Earl of Tullibardine by William in 1696 and Duke of Atholl by Queen Anne, Nairne's loyalties remained with King James and his heirs. At the time of the Jacobite rising of 1715, Nairne was one of the first to rally to the cause of the Old Pretender when John Erskine, Earl of Mar, proclaimed him King at Braemar on 6th September 1715, and Nairne fought through Mar's autumn campaign. On 14th November 1715, after the disastrous Battle of Preston, Nairne was taken prisoner and was sent from there to the Tower of London. On 9th February 1716, Nairne was tried for treason, found guilty, attainted, and condemned to death. However, his execution was stayed and he lived to benefit from the Indemnity Act of 1717, so in December of that year was released. On 24th June 1721 he was created Earl of Nairne in the Jacobite peerage and died on 3rd February 1726. His widow survived him until 1747.

Children and posterity

• Hon. Margaret married William Drummond, 4th Viscount Strathallan, in 1712, and they had four sons, James, Robert, William, and Henry Drummond. She lived until 1773. Her husband and eldest son took part in the '45, during which Strathallan was killed at Culloden on 16th April 1745, and after which her son was attainted. However, her grandson James Andrew Drummond was restored to the family's honours by an Act of Parliament of 1824, thus regaining the title of Viscount Strathallan. In 1902 his heir succeeded a distant kinsman as Earl of Perth.
• Hon. Catherine who married William Murray, 3rd Earl of Dunmore, son of Charles Murray, 1st Earl of Dunmore. They had three sons, and two daughters.
• Hon. Robert (died 16th Apr 1746). He married Jean Mercer of Aldie, daughter of Sir Laurence Mercer of Aldie and Helen Mercer (maternal granddaughter of Sir Thomas Stewart, 12th Laird of Grandtully). They had a son, and a daughter. He was killed at the Battle of Culloden.
• John, Master of Nairne (circa 1691 - 11th July 1770). Like his sister, he married one of the children of Charles Murray, 1st Earl of Dunmore, Lady Catherine. They had three sons who survived infancy. He would likewise fight as a Jacobite during the Rising, but survived, and escaped to Sweden, and eventually settled in France.
• Hon. Henrieta Murray (born 1714). Died unmarried.
• Hon. Charlotte, who married John Robertson, 11th Laird of Lude. They had two sons, and a daughter.
• Hon. May Marjorie, who married Duncan Robertson, 14th Chief of Clan Donnachaidh. They had at least two sons, and a daughter.